$ grep -r "magic-bytes"
A portfolio site's login form is bypassed with a SQL injection, exposing an image upload page. Weak content validation is defeated by prepending PNG magic bytes to a PHP webshell, giving code execution as www-data and a reverse shell. A database config file leaks MySQL credentials; mysqldump recovers a plaintext password that is reused to become theseus. A custom SUID binary, /bin/sysinfo, calls helper tools by relative name, so PATH hijacking a malicious lshw yields a shell as root.
A file-upload form validates image extension and MIME magic bytes but permits a PHP double extension, which an Apache handler misconfiguration executes, yielding a shell as www-data. A cron job running as guly passes uploaded filenames unsanitised to exec(), so a filename containing shell metacharacters achieves command injection and a shell as guly. guly may run a network-configuration script as root that reads interface values into a config file, and a known ifcfg script-injection flaw turns those values into root command execution.